5 TENSES AND EXERCISE

A. Simple Present Tense

     Simple present tense adalah tense yang paling banyak digunakan baik dalam percakapan maupun tulisan. Dikatakan Simple karena ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan tersebut tidak sedang (continuous) atau telah (perfect) dilakukan.

Rumus Simple Present Tense

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh Kalimat
+	Verbal	S + Verb-1 (+s/es)	She loves InggrisOnline.com
	Nominal	S + is/am/are + nominal	You are my best friend
–	Verbal	S + do/does + not + Infinitive	I do not know who you are
	Nominal	S + is/am/are + not + nominal	You are not my wife any more.
?	Verbal	Do/does + S + Infintive	Does she know that I love her?
	Nominal	Is/am/are  + S + nominal	Are you sleepy?

B. Simple Past Tense

       Simple past tense adalah tense yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lampau tanpa ingin menekankan bahwa pekerjaan tersebut telah (perfect) atau sedang (continuous) dikerjakan. Pemahaman tense ini hampir sama dengan Simple Present Tense, hanya waktunya saja yang berbeda.

Rumus Simple Past Tense.

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh Kalimat
+	Verbal	S + Verb-2	She killed a snake yesterday
	Nominal	S + was/were + nominal	I was there but you did not see me
–	Verbal	S + did + not + Infinitive	She did not know where to go.
	Nominal	S + was/were + not + nominal	When I was a child, I used to cry.
?	Verbal	Did + S + Infinitive	Did you take my money?
	Nominal	Was/were + S + nominal?	Was the case hard to solve?

C. Past Continuous Tense

       Past continuous tense juga dikenal dengan istilah past progressive tense. Tense ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu pekerjaan atau aktivitas yang sedang terjadi pada masa lalu. Dikatakan continuous atau progressive karena pekerjaannya sedang dilakukan. Dan dikatakan past karena terjadi pada masa lampau

Rumus Past Continuous Tense.

Bentuk	RUMUS		CONTOH
+	Verbal	S + was/were + Verb-ing	She was reading a book when I come
	Nominal	S + was/were + nominal	When I was child, I was so handsome
–	Verbal	S + was/were + not + Verb-ing	I was not sleeping at seven o’clock yesterday
	Nominal	S + was/were + not + nominal	Meeting president was not in my schedule
?	Verbal	Was/were + S + Verb-ing	Were you hiking with your friends last week?
	Nominal	Was/were + S + Verb-ing	Were you alone now?

D. Simple Future Tense 

       Simple future tense adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan di masa depan (rencana). Dikatakan simple karena tidak ingin menunjukkan bahwa rencana tersebut telah selesai (perfect) atau sedang dilakukan (continuous). Dan dikatakan future karena terjadi di masa yang akan datang

Rumus Simple Future Tense

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh
+	Verbal	S + will/shall + Infinitive (Verb-1)	She will be a famous singer in the future.
	Nominal	S + will/shal + be + nominal	I am sure that Prabowo will be our President.
–	Verbal	S + Will + not + Infinitive	I will not forgive you.
	Nominal	S + will/shal + be + not + nominal	You will not stop loving you.
?	Verbal	Will/shall + S + Infinitive	Will you tell me how to make a delicious cake?
	Nominal	Will/shall + S + be + nominal	Will she be mine?

E. Present Perfect Tense

        Present Perfect tense adalah suatu tense yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu aktivitas yang telah dilakukan pada saat ini. Dikatakan perfect karena pekerjaanya telah sempurna/selesai/paripurna pada saat ini (present). Oleh sebab itulah ia menggunakan kata kerja have yang berarti telah untuk menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaannya telah usai.

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh
+	Verbal	S + have/has + Verb-3	I have told you 3 times.
	Nominal	S + have/has + been + nominal	The storm has gone.
–	Verbal	S + have/has + not + Verb-3	I have not ever gone to Jogjakarta even once.
	Nominal	S + have/has + not + been + nominal	In 1703, Indonesia has not been a country.
?	Verbal	Have/has + S + Verb-3	Have you already taken a bath?
	Nominal	Have/has + S + been + nominal	Has she been in school now?

EXERCISE

1.                   She (drink) coffee. (S. Past)
Answer :      (+) She drank coffee

              (-) She didn’t drink coffee

              (?) Did she drink coffee?

2.                   They (Start) the course. (Pr. Perfect)
Answer :      (+) They have started the course
                    (-) They haven’t started the course
                    (?) Have they started the course?

3.                   Ana and Linda (open) the account (Past Cont)
Answer :      (+) Ana and Linda were opening the account

              (-) Ana and Linda weren’t opening the account

              (?) Were Ana and Linda opening the account?

4.                   The bank (close) at 5pm (S. Present)
Answer :      (+) The bank close at 5pm

              (-) The bank doesn’t close at 5pm

              (?) Does the bank close at 5pm?

5.                   The dog (run) through the part (S. Past)

Answer :      (+) The dog ran through the part
                    (-) The dog didn’t run through the part
                    (?) Did the dog run through the part?

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